---
title: 'piler installation guide'
url: 'https://patrik.kernstock.net/blog/mailpiler-installation-guide'
markdown: 'https://patrik.kernstock.net/blog/mailpiler-installation-guide.md'
date: '2020-08-25'
description: 'Want to update piler? Then you can check out my piler update guide. This is my installation guide for mailpiler I have written and optimized in the last days. If there are any questions or ideas, please let me know in the comments below or via email. ABOUT PILER piler is a open source email archiving solution with benefits and many features. The main usecase is for compliance and legal reasons of companies. Piler can encrypt and compress, deduplicate mails to reduce disk usage. THIS GUIDE This should guide you through the setup of mailpiler on a fresh Ubuntu installation. For your convenience I have added quite some sed commands for easily adjusting most configuration files as needed and also variables for easier replacing specific values throughout the guide. However note, that the goal of this is not automating the installation and you might need to adjust the configuration to your own needs during or after steps provided. Consulting documentation and guides linked below is recommended. This guide should take approx. 45 minutes. ASSISTANCE If assistance is required or having questions: The mailpiler developer provides an installation service and commercial support. There’s an unofficial Telegram group for mailpiler. REQUIREMENTS Installation documentation tested under following circumstances: You have general and advanced Linux experience. A clean Ubuntu 20.04.1 installation. A fresh and dedicated machine for mailpiler. Using user root throughout the guide. (piler runs under user piler) Hardware requirements Memory: 1 GB should be sufficient for small setups (~300 MB in idle after setup) Disk: 10 GB fo'
taxonomy:
  category:
    - Linux
    - 'Mail Server'
    - 'Storage & Backup'
  tag:
    - Email
    - mailpiler
    - Tutorial
---

# [piler installation guide](https://patrik.kernstock.net/blog/mailpiler-installation-guide)

   August 25, 2020  (updated April 9, 2021)   9 min 

   [Linux](https://patrik.kernstock.net/category:Linux) [Mail Server](https://patrik.kernstock.net/category:Mail%20Server)   [Storage & Backup](https://patrik.kernstock.net/category:Storage%20%26%20Backup)    [Email](https://patrik.kernstock.net/tag:Email) [mailpiler](https://patrik.kernstock.net/tag:mailpiler) [Tutorial](https://patrik.kernstock.net/tag:Tutorial)  

 Note

This article is more than 6 year(s) old – information may be outdated.

 ![piler installation guide](https://patrik.kernstock.net/images/2/0/2/0/-/2020-08-2518-13-58-hhtsh9kj-38b024e7.png?g-b3a1b014 "piler installation guide") 

**Want to update piler?** Then you can [check out my piler update guide](https://patrik.kernstock.net/blog/piler-update-guide).

This is my installation guide for mailpiler I have written and optimized in the last days. If there are any questions or ideas, please let me know in the comments below or via email.

## ABOUT

### PILER

piler is a open source email archiving solution with [benefits](http://www.mailpiler.org/wiki/benefits-of-email-archiving) and many [features](http://www.mailpiler.org/wiki/features). The main usecase is for compliance and legal reasons of companies. Piler can encrypt and compress, deduplicate mails to reduce disk usage.

### THIS GUIDE

This should guide you through the setup of mailpiler on a fresh Ubuntu installation. For your convenience I have added quite some `sed` commands for easily adjusting most configuration files as needed and also variables for easier replacing specific values throughout the guide.

However note, that the goal of this is not automating the installation and you might need to adjust the configuration to your own needs during or after steps provided. Consulting [documentation and guides](#Sources) linked below is recommended.

This guide should take approx. 45 minutes.

### ASSISTANCE

If assistance is required or having questions:

- The mailpiler developer provides an [installation service](https://mailpiler.com/installation-upgrade-service/) and [commercial support](https://mailpiler.com/support/).
- There’s an unofficial [Telegram group for mailpiler](https://t.me/mailpiler).

## REQUIREMENTS

Installation documentation tested under following circumstances:

- You have general and advanced Linux experience.
- A clean Ubuntu 20.04.1 installation.
- A fresh and dedicated machine for mailpiler.
- Using user `root` throughout the guide. (piler runs under user `piler`)
- Hardware requirements 
    - Memory: 1 GB should be sufficient for small setups (~300 MB in idle after setup)
    - Disk: 10 GB for basic installation + your mail data
- Network requirements 
    - DNS record like `piler.domain.tld` already set accordingly.
    - Your mailserver must have access to Piler via SMTP (TCP/25) to send mails to archive via BCC.
    - Your piler installation requires access to your mailserver with either SMTP (TCP/25) or IMAPS (TCP/993) for restoring mails.

Important to note:

- Do **ONLY** use this on clean machines dedicated for mailpiler. Also for security-purposes you would like to have your email archiving solution separated.
- In this guide we do not enable clamd antivirus as we assume emails are already checked from the mailserver at the point where they arrived in the mailbox.
- While this guide is quite universal, it was tested against a [mailcow-powered email server](https://mailcow.email/).

## Installation of dependencies

### Preparation

To make life easier, we set variables in the current shell: (replace with **your** own values!)

```sh
PILER_DOMAIN="piler.domain.tld"
MAILSERVER_DOMAIN="mail.domain.tld"
```

### Install general dependencies

1. First, we install general dependencies needed later on.

    ```sh
    apt install sysstat build-essential libwrap0-dev libpst-dev tnef libytnef0-dev unrtf catdoc libtre-dev tre-agrep poppler-utils libzip-dev unixodbc libpq5 software-properties-common libpoppler-dev openssl libssl-dev python3-mysqldb memcached pwgen telnet
    ```
2. Remove packages pre-installed with Ubuntu 20.04 we do not need: (optional)

    ```sh
    apt remove --yes snapd multipath-tools
    apt autoremove --yes
    ```

### Install database (MariaDB)

1. Prepare and install MariaDB database.

    ```sh
    apt-key adv --fetch-keys 'https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.asc'
    add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64] https://mirror.netcologne.de/mariadb/repo/10.4/ubuntu focal main'
    apt install mariadb-{server,client} libmariadb-client-lgpl-dev-compat
    ```
2. Optimize database: (as per [mailpiler FAQ](http://www.mailpiler.org/wiki/faq#faq:~:text=What%20are%20the%20recommended%20mysql%20settings?))

```sh
cat > /etc/mysql/conf.d/mailpiler.conf <<EOF
innodb_buffer_pool_size=256M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
innodb_log_buffer_size=64M
innodb_log_file_size=16M
query_cache_size=0
query_cache_type=0
query_cache_limit=2M
EOF

systemctl restart mariadb
```

### Install PHP

Install PHP and required modules for mailpiler GUI from [ondrej’s awesome PHP repo](https://launchpad.net/~ondrej/+archive/ubuntu/php).

```sh
add-apt-repository --yes ppa:ondrej/php
apt install php7.4-{fpm,common,ldap,mysql,cli,opcache,phpdbg,gd,memcache,json,readline,zip}
```

### Install webserver

Install nginx webserver from [ondrej’s awesome nginx repo](https://launchpad.net/~ondrej/+archive/ubuntu/nginx-mainline).

```sh
add-apt-repository --yes ppa:ondrej/nginx-mainline
apt install nginx
systemctl enable nginx
```

### Install sphinxsearch

Install sphinxsearch, needed for indexing by mailpiler.

**Note**: Check version and download link on [sphinxsearch download site](http://sphinxsearch.com/downloads/current/) and adjust version in download link below, if necessary.

Download and install binaries.

```sh
mkdir -p /root/mailpiler/sphinxsearch/
cd /root/mailpiler/sphinxsearch/
wget http://sphinxsearch.com/files/sphinx-3.3.1-b72d67b-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xfz sphinx-*-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp -v sphinx-*/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
rm /etc/cron.d/sphinxsearch
```

### Install xlhtml

Prepare dependency for mailpiler.

**Note**: Check version and download link on [mailpiler installation guide](http://www.mailpiler.org/wiki/current:installation) and adjust version in download link below, if necessary.

Download, configure, compile and install:

```sh
mkdir -p /root/mailpiler/xlhtml/
cd /root/mailpiler/xlhtml/
wget https://bitbucket.org/jsuto/piler/downloads/xlhtml-0.5.1-sj-mod.tar.gz
tar xzf xlhtml-*-sj-mod.tar.gz
cd xlhtml-*-sj-mod/
./configure
make
make install
ldconfig
```

## Installation of mailpiler

### Install mailpiler

Prepare and install mailpiler itself.

1. Create dedicated user and set permission accordingly.

    ```sh
    groupadd piler
    useradd -g piler -m -s /bin/bash -d /var/piler piler
    usermod -L piler
    chmod 755 /var/piler
    ```
2. Then: Download, configure, compile and install.

    **Note**: Check version and download link on [mailpiler download](http://www.mailpiler.org/wiki/download) and adjust version in download link below, if necessary.

    ```sh
    mkdir -p /root/mailpiler/piler/
    cd /root/mailpiler/piler/
    wget https://bitbucket.org/jsuto/piler/downloads/piler-1.3.9.tar.gz
    tar xzf piler-*.tar.gz
    cd piler-*/
    ./configure --localstatedir=/var --with-database=mysql --enable-memcached
    make
    make install
    ldconfig
    ```

    **Note**: The install guide was only tested with 1.3.9. Newer versions – see the website – can work, but were not tested. Check the website to pick the latest version.

### mailpiler post-install

After mailpiler was installed, we prepare everything.

1. Generate password and prepare database:

    ```sh
    PILER_MYSQL_USER_PW="$(pwgen -cnsB 32 1)"
    echo; echo "---"; echo "MYSQL PILER PASSWORD: $PILER_MYSQL_USER_PW"; echo "---"; echo

    cp util/postinstall.sh util/postinstall.sh.bak
    sed -i "s/   SMARTHOST=.*/   SMARTHOST="\"$MAILSERVER_DOMAIN\""/" util/postinstall.sh
    sed -i 's/   WWWGROUP=.*/   WWWGROUP="www-data"/' util/postinstall.sh
    ```

    You will need this password in just a second during post-install.
2. Start post-installation script of mailpiler:

    ```sh
    make postinstall
    ```

    The default values prompted from the post-installation script should be fine for this guide as we adjusted them with `sed` just right above. But still verify them before proceeding!

    At this point you have following key questions to answer:

    - The webserver groupname is `www-data`.
    - The `mysql password for piler` is the generated password above. (Copy-pasted values will **not** be visible.)
    - At `mysql root password` you can simply type in anything, as socket will be used.
    - Value `smtp relay` will be `mail.domain.tld` (same as `$MAILSERVER_DOMAIN`)

    Example output:

    ```text
    This is the postinstall utility for piler
    It should be run only at the first install. DO NOT run on an existing piler installation!

    Continue? [Y/N] [N] y

    Please enter the webserver groupname [www-data]

    Please enter mysql hostname [localhost]

    Please enter mysql socket path [/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock]

    Please enter mysql database [piler]

    Please enter mysql user name [piler]

    Please enter mysql password for piler []

    Please enter mysql root password. If its a recent version of mysql and uses socket authentication, then any string would do here []
    mysql connection successful

    Please enter smtp relay [mail.domain.tld]

    Please enter smtp relay port [25]
    no crontab for piler

    INSTALLATION SUMMARY:

    [...]

    Correct? [Y/N] [N] Y

    Continue and modify system? [Y/N] [N] Y
    ```
3. Adjust piler and sphinx configuration:

    ```sh
    cp /usr/local/etc/piler/piler.conf /usr/local/etc/piler/piler.conf.bak
    cp /usr/local/etc/piler/sphinx.conf /usr/local/etc/piler/sphinx.conf.bak

    sed -i "s/hostid=.*/hostid=$PILER_DOMAIN/" /usr/local/etc/piler/piler.conf
    sed -i "s/update_counters_to_memcached=.*/update_counters_to_memcached=1/" /usr/local/etc/piler/piler.conf
    sed -i "s/spam_header_line=.*/spam_header_line=X-Spam-Flag: YES/" /usr/local/etc/piler/piler.conf # rspamd in mailcow setup.

    sed -i "s/define('SPHINX_VERSION', .*/define('SPHINX_VERSION', 331);/" /usr/local/etc/piler/sphinx.conf
    sed -i "s/define('SPHINX_STRICT_SCHEMA', 0);/define('SPHINX_STRICT_SCHEMA', 1);/" /usr/local/etc/piler/sphinx.conf # required for Sphinx 3.3.1
    ```
4. Start mailpiler and searchd and enable autostart:

    ```sh
    /etc/init.d/rc.piler start
    /etc/init.d/rc.searchd start

    update-rc.d rc.piler defaults
    update-rc.d rc.searchd defaults
    ```

### Set up mailpiler WebUI

1. Generate self-signed certificate (or use a different existing one):

    ```sh
    mkdir -p /etc/nginx/ssl
    openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 3650 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout /etc/nginx/ssl/piler.key -out /etc/nginx/ssl/piler.crt -subj "/CN=$PILER_DOMAIN" -addext "subjectAltName=DNS:$PILER_DOMAIN"
    ```
2. Configure webserver and PHP:

    ```sh
    cp contrib/webserver/piler-nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/piler
    sed -i "s|PILER_HOST|$PILER_DOMAIN|g" /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/piler
    sed -i "s|/var/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock|/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock|g" /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/piler
    ```
3. Let’s make the piler vhost more secure:

    ```sh
    sed -i "/server_name.*/a \\
            listen 443 ssl http2;\n\n\
            ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/piler.crt;\n\
            ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/piler.key;\n\n\
            ssl_session_timeout 1d;\n\
            ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:15m;\n\
            ssl_session_tickets off;\n\n\
            # modern configuration of Mozilla SSL configurator. Tweak to your needs.\n\
            ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;\n\
            ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;\n\
            ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;\n\n\
            add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;\n\
            add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;" /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/piler

    sed -i "/^server {.*/i\
    \# HTTP to HTTPS redirect.\n\
    server {\n\
            listen 80;\n\
            server_name $PILER_DOMAIN;\n\
            return 301 https://\$host\$request_uri;\n\
    }" /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/piler
    ```
4. Now we test and reload the nginx configuration:

    ```sh
    nginx -t && systemctl reload nginx
    ```

### Configure mailpiler webui

Now we adjust configuration file the mailpiler webui.

Furthermore we do enable authentication over IMAP. Meaning: All users with a mailbox can directly login into mailpiler, no manual intervention nor manually creating accounts is required. Each user can only see mails where the email address was either recipient or sender.

```sh
cp /usr/local/etc/piler/config-site.php /usr/local/etc/piler/config-site.bak.php

sed -i "s|\$config\['SITE_URL'\] = .*|\$config\['SITE_URL'\] = 'https://$PILER_DOMAIN/';|" /usr/local/etc/piler/config-site.php

cat >> /usr/local/etc/piler/config-site.php <<EOF

// CUSTOM
\$config['PROVIDED_BY'] = '$MAILSERVER_DOMAIN';
\$config['SUPPORT_LINK'] = 'https://$MAILSERVER_DOMAIN';
\$config['COMPATIBILITY'] = '';

// fancy features.
\$config['ENABLE_INSTANT_SEARCH'] = 1;
\$config['ENABLE_TABLE_RESIZE'] = 1;

\$config['ENABLE_DELETE'] = 1;
\$config['ENABLE_ON_THE_FLY_VERIFICATION'] = 1;

// general settings.
\$config['TIMEZONE'] = 'UTC';

// authentication
// Enable authentication against an imap server
\$config['ENABLE_IMAP_AUTH'] = 1;
\$config['RESTORE_OVER_IMAP'] = 1;
\$config['IMAP_RESTORE_FOLDER_INBOX'] = 'INBOX';
\$config['IMAP_RESTORE_FOLDER_SENT'] = 'Sent';
\$config['IMAP_HOST'] = '$MAILSERVER_DOMAIN';
\$config['IMAP_PORT'] =  993;
\$config['IMAP_SSL'] = true;

// special settings.
\$config['MEMCACHED_ENABLED'] = 1;
\$config['SPHINX_STRICT_SCHEMA'] = 1; // required for Sphinx 3.3.1, see https://bitbucket.org/jsuto/piler/issues/1085/sphinx-331.
EOF
```

### Finish line

1. Clean up:

    ```sh
    apt autoremove --yes
    apt clean
    ```
2. Login to WebUI at `https://$PILER_DOMAIN`:

    ```text
    Username: admin@local
    Password: pilerrocks
    ```

And we’re done with mailpiler!

### Next steps

- Adjust mailpiler configuration to your personal needs.
- Secure your mailpiler instance (specially SMTP TCP/25) against unintended access. All mails retrieved at SMTP TCP/25 will be imported by mailpiler. Could be problematic with public-reachable instances.
- Configure mailserver to BCC mails from your mailserver to Pilers SMTP.
- Import mails to mailpiler, see: [mailpiler.org/wiki/current:importing-emails](http://mailpiler.org/wiki/current:importing-emails)

## INTEGRATION

## Special tasks

These are special tasks you might or might not need at some point.

### Retrieve aliases and set realname from mailcow

As IMAP authentication is used here, mailpiler is not aware to which alias addresses the user has access to nor knows the real name of the user, which can be set in mailcow too.

As mailpiler provides a functionality to hook into the authentication process, we are able to query the relevant details from our mailcow instance via the API and set this during the authentication procedure for the duration of the session.

I have built an implementation for this scenario, see the [instructions in the official mailcow docs here](https://mailcow.github.io/mailcow-dockerized-docs/third_party-mailpiler_integration/).

### Reverse proxy

It might be useful to make mailpiler accessible under a specific subdomain like `https://archive.mail.domain.tld`. For example useful when you have mailpiler running internally but would like to have the WebUI accessible from outside.

This can also be used for mailcow – the path could be, for example, `/opt/mailcow-dockerized/data/conf/nginx/z_mailpiler.conf`.

```sh
# adjust these both variables:
PILER_DOMAIN_INTERNAL="piler.domain.tld"
PILER_DOMAIN_OUTSIDE="mailarchive.domain.tld"

cat > nginx_mailpiler.conf <<EOF
# HTTP to HTTPS redirect.
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name $PILER_DOMAIN_OUTSIDE;
    server_tokens off;
    return 301 https://\$host\$request_uri;
}
# Main server block
server {
    listen 443 http2;
    server_name $PILER_DOMAIN_OUTSIDE;
    server_tokens off;

    access_log off;
    error_log off;

    ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/mail/cert.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/mail/key.pem;

    ssl_session_timeout 1d;
    #ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:15m; # dont use for mailcow
    ssl_session_tickets off;

    # modern configuration of Mozilla SSL configurator. Tweak to your needs.
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;

    add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;";
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
    add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
    add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
    add_header Referrer-Policy strict-origin;

    location / {
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP         \$remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For   \$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto \$scheme;
        proxy_set_header Connection        "";
        proxy_read_timeout                 900;
        proxy_buffers                      32 4k;
        proxy_pass https://$PILER_DOMAIN_INTERNAL;
    }
}
EOF
```

In case of mailcow, to add `ADDITIONAL_SAN` automatically, you can use:

```sh
cd /opt/mailcow-dockerized/
cp mailcow.conf mailcow.conf.bak
# let's add the $PILER_DOMAIN_OUTSIDE at the end of ADDITIONAL_SAN
# so that mailcow manages certs for mailpiler this way.
sed -i "/^ADDITIONAL_SAN=.*/ s/$/,$PILER_DOMAIN_OUTSIDE/" mailcow.conf
```

### Restart services

```sh
/etc/init.d/rc.searchd stop
/etc/init.d/rc.piler stop

/etc/init.d/rc.piler start
/etc/init.d/rc.searchd start
```

### Checking logs

Log can be found at `/var/log/mail.log`.

```sh
tail -f /var/log/mail.log
```

### Piler-Folder Support

If folder support is required (see [docs](http://www.mailpiler.org/wiki/current:folder-support), should be enabled at day-one). It’s *not* about IMAP folders.

```sh
sed -i '/^source base$/,/}/ s/}/   sql_attr_uint = folder\n}/' /usr/local/etc/piler/sphinx.conf
echo "\$config['ENABLE_FOLDER_RESTRICTIONS'] = 1;" >> /usr/local/etc/piler/config-site.php
sed -i "s/enable_folders=0/enable_folders=1/" /usr/local/etc/piler/piler.conf
```

And then restart piler and searchd.

### Reset and reindex sphinx

`searchd` should **not** run while manually re-indexing!

```sh
/etc/init.d/rc.searchd stop
rm -rf /var/piler/sphinx/*
sudo -u piler indexer --all --config /usr/local/etc/piler/sphinx.conf
/etc/init.d/rc.searchd start
```

### Reset everything

```sh
/etc/init.d/rc.searchd stop
/etc/init.d/rc.piler stop

rm -rf /var/piler/store/00/*

mysql --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf -e "DROP DATABASE piler;";
mysql --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf -e "CREATE DATABASE piler CHARACTER SET utf8;";
mysql --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf piler < /root/mailpiler/piler/piler-1.3.9/util/db-mysql.sql

rm -rf /var/piler/sphinx/*
sudo -u piler indexer --all --config /usr/local/etc/piler/sphinx.conf

/etc/init.d/rc.piler start
/etc/init.d/rc.searchd start
```

## Sources

- [mailpiler.org/wiki/current:installation](http://www.mailpiler.org/wiki/current:installation)
- [sphinxsearch.com/downloads/current/](http://sphinxsearch.com/downloads/current/)
- [mailpiler.org/wiki/current:how-piler-works](http://www.mailpiler.org/wiki/current:how-piler-works)
- [mailpiler.org/wiki/current:post-install](http://mailpiler.org/wiki/current:post-install)
- [mailpiler.org/wiki/current:importing-emails](http://mailpiler.org/wiki/current:importing-emails)
- [bitbucket.org/jsuto/piler/src/master/etc/example.conf](https://bitbucket.org/jsuto/piler/src/master/etc/example.conf)
- [mailpiler.org/wiki/download](http://mailpiler.org/wiki/download)
- [mailpiler.org/wiki/faq](http://mailpiler.org/wiki/faq)
- [mailpiler.org/pdf/piler-1.1.0.pdf](http://mailpiler.org/pdf/piler-1.1.0.pdf)

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